In the twilight of the third century before our era, as the echoes of ancient deeds resonated across the Iberian Peninsula, Hannibal Barca, son of Hamilcar, emerged as the new commander of the Carthaginian armies following the death of his brother-in-law, Hasdrubal the Fair. This young general, forged in the crucible of discipline and strategy, assumed leadership with unwavering determination and foresight.

In 221 BC, Hannibal embarked on his inaugural campaign toward the Central Plateau, leading his forces against the Olcades. With cunning and courage, he captured Althia, their principal city, thereby extending Carthaginian dominion to the banks of the Tagus River. The following year, 220 BC, he pressed further westward, confronting the Vaccaei and seizing the cities of Helmántica (modern-day Salamanca) and Arbucala (now Toro). These triumphs not only yielded abundant spoils but also solidified his reputation as a formidable military leader.

However, on his return to Qart Hadasht (Cartagena), Hannibal faced a formidable challenge. A coalition of central Iberian tribes, led by the Carpetani and bolstered by contingents of Vaccaei and Olcades, confronted him near the Tagus River. Despite being outnumbered, Hannibal employed his tactical prowess, utilizing his cavalry and war elephants to disrupt and rout the enemy forces. The ensuing battle, fought at one of the river's crossings, culminated in a decisive Carthaginian victory, securing control over the central and southern regions of the Iberian Peninsula.

These campaigns not only expanded Carthaginian territory but also laid the groundwork for future confrontations with Rome, heralding the onset of events that would lead to the Second Punic War.